Cereals muaj 8-12% protein. Vim hais tias txheej txheej ntawm cov nplej muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein ntau dua li cov txheej sab hauv, cov nplej ua kom zoo thiab cov hmoov nplej, vim kev tshem tawm ntau dhau ntawm cov bran sab nrauv, muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein tsawg dua li cov nplej thiab hmoov nplej. Piv txwv li, physiological tus nqi ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nplej yog 72.7, thaum lub refined dawb mov poob mus rau 66.2. Cereal proteins tsis tshua muaj lysine, phenylalanine, thiab methionine. Millet thiab nplej hmoov yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsawg hauv lysine. Pob kws tsis muaj lysine thiab tryptophan. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam nplej yuav tsum tau noj ua ke, los yog cereals yuav tsum tau tov nrog tsiaj cov khoom los txhim kho lub physiological nqi ntawm cereal protein.
Cereals muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj roj, li 2%, tab sis pob kws thiab millet tuaj yeem ncav cuag 4%, feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv aleurone txheej thiab kab mob. Feem ntau ntawm cov rog yog unsaturated fatty acids, nrog me me ntawm phospholipids. Cov noob roj muaj cov vitamin E ntau, uas muaj cov tshuaj antioxidant.
Cereals tsis tsuas yog muaj cov carbohydrates ntau (kwv yees li 70-80%), tab sis feem ntau yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Cereal starch tau muab faib ua ob hom raws li nws cov qauv molecular: amylose thiab amylopectin. Qhov sib txawv ntawm solubility, viscosity, thiab digestibility, nrog rau lawv qhov sib txawv proportions nyob rau hauv txawv cereals, ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lawv cov yam ntxwv ua thiab tsw. Cereal carbohydrates muaj kev siv siab, ntau tshaj 90%, ua rau lawv lub zog tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev.
Cereals yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov vitamins B, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov vitamins B1, B2, thiab niacin. Cov nplej thiab pob kws muaj carotene. Cov kab mob cereal muaj ntau cov vitamin E, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov vitamins no concentrated nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, aleurone txheej, thiab bran. Yog li ntawd, refined nplej dawb thiab hmoov nplej muaj tsawg heev vitamin E.
Cereals muaj kwv yees li 1.5% inorganic ntsev, feem ntau phosphorus thiab calcium. Lawv kuj muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm magnesium. Cov ntsev inorganic no kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov bran thiab aleurone txheej. Coarsely processed mov thiab hmoov, khaws ib co ntawm bran, muaj ib tug siab inorganic ntsev cov ntsiab lus tshaj refined nplej. Calcium thiab phosphorus nyob rau hauv cereals feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm phytates, uas tsis yooj yim absorbed thiab siv los ntawm lub cev. Raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws, cov nplej muaj phytase, uas tuaj yeem zom cov phytates kom tso cov calcium thiab phosphorus dawb, ua rau muaj cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov phytase no nquag nquag ntawm 55 degrees Celsius. Thaum mov los yog hmoov nplej yog steamed, boiled, los yog ci, kwv yees li 60% ntawm phytates tuaj yeem hydrolyzed thiab absorbed.